How to Inspect Used Equipment Before Buying
A general pre-purchase inspection framework for used commercial equipment: what to check, in what order, and when to hire a professional.
Quick answer
Inspect used equipment cold first, then observe start-up and run it through all functions under load. Check fluids, look for leaks and cracks, evaluate wear items (undercarriage, tires/tracks, cutting components), verify the hour meter and serial number, and review service records. For high-value machines, hire a qualified third-party inspector.
Key facts
- Always inspect cold before the seller warms the machine up.
- Fresh paint over key components can hide leaks or repairs.
- Fluids and leaks tell you a lot about maintenance.
- A third-party inspection is worthwhile on expensive machines.
Before start-up
Walk the machine cold. Check fluid levels and condition, look under the machine for fresh leaks, and inspect the structure for cracks or weld repairs.
Note anything freshly painted — it can be legitimate maintenance or an attempt to hide a problem.
Start-up and operation
Watch the cold start: excessive smoke, hard starting, or unusual noises are warning signs. Let it reach operating temperature.
Run every function under load — lift, tilt, dig, drive, auxiliary hydraulics — and listen for noises or watch for slow, weak, or erratic movement.
Paperwork and identity
Verify the serial number/PIN against the title and listing. Confirm there are no liens, and gather any available service records.
For trailers and road-use equipment, confirm titling and registration requirements in your state.
Buyer checklist
- Cold walk-around and fluid check
- Leak and crack inspection
- Cold start observed
- All functions tested under load
- Wear items evaluated
- Serial/PIN and title verified; no liens
- Service records collected
- Third-party inspection for high-value units
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